Local Roots Of Global Dominance Essay - 1548 Words

Cody Davis Prof. Kristin Reynolds Social Justice In Sustainable Food Systems 21 December 2015 Local Roots in the Shadows of Global Dominance: Establishing Food Sovereignty in Local Food Systems Abstract When one family is capitalizing off of the cheap labor of millions, how is it possible to establish any sense of upward mobility in order to rise out of poverty? Walmart is the largest food distributor in the U.S., third-largest employer in the world, and the six Walton heirs have as much wealth as the poorest 42% of the country. Using the conceptual framework of food sovereignty, this document explains many of the resulting inequalities and the ways in which politics has fueled the development of multinational corporations like Walmart. Introduction â€Å"Food sovereignty is the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to deï ¬ ne their own food and agriculture systems. It puts those who produce, distribute and consume food at the heart of food systems and policies rather than the demands of markets and corporations†¦[and it] oï ¬â‚¬ers a strategy to resist and dismantle the current corporate trade and food regime†¦ Food sovereignty implies new social relations free of oppression and inequality between men and women, peoples, racial groups, social classes and generations. (Via Campesina 2007).† The concept of food sovereignty directly addresses environmental, social, economic andShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1369 Words   |  6 Pagessocial media. In different parts of the world, â€Å"young people want American products such as Nike sneakers and the latest CDs†(Barlow 1), in which some people believe it is â€Å"destroying local tradition, knowledge, skills, artisans and values.† (Barlow 1). In countries or regions where the population is usually homogenous, local traditions are still kept even if there is an influence of other cultures, cultural or national holidays are still kept and celebrated. Language allows for people to be able to communicateRead More European Travel and the Spread of Western Ideology Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThis travel was quite slow and gradual, and could be termed a period of â€Å"human expansion†, as traveling groups rarely encountered other humans. It really wasn’t until the sixteenth century that a new kind of travel developed, a kind that was more global, occurred rapidly, and was filled with many encounters with other civilizations. This sort of travel signified not simply the spreading of humans across the earth, but more the spreading of ideas among people. And during this particular period, theRead MoreStarbucks: International Retail Strategy802 Words   |  3 Pagesmarket has come close to saturation in the U.S. which will give them the opportunity to continue to expand without fierce competition. Starbucks has looked to countries like India and other emerging markets with great growth potential to set down new roots . Starbucks recognizes India as a great choice to expand business internationally but also recognizes the complexity in the same market after several attempts to enter without success. Joint Venture Starbucks wanted to expand its company intoRead More Impact of Global Warming on Coastal Wetlands Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Global Warming on Coastal Wetlands Professor’s comment: Jane wrote this research paper for my Advanced Composition course. The assignment asks the students to read and understand six to ten articles within a research area of their choice, then synthesize the information so that a reader can quickly understand the present state of research in that area. Jane chose to look at how increased flooding and salinity might affect coastal wetland soils and species, and she organized the materialRead MoreAFP Versus Jollibee Food Corporation1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has ever been... We will lead in product taste at all times... We will provide FSC (Food, Service, Cleanliness) excellence in every encounter... Happiness in every moment... By year 2020, with over 4,000 stores worldwide, Jollibee is truly a Global Brand.† Both vision provides aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or accomplish in the long term future. It serves as a clear guide for choosing current and future cours es of action. JFC has eight core values thatRead MoreAn Analysis of Cultural Communication1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversification of political, socio-economic context, cultural issues have apparently been treated as the questionable point of global debate. It seems quite evident that other aspects of globalization or of localization are determined by the manifestation of culture. All in all, culture is bound to influence and have diverse effects on global communication in days to come. It is nothing but global market and political economy that are intercepting to make people more connected than ever before through indirectRead MoreCross Cultural Communication Skills And Communication1318 Words   |  6 Pagestalk about the weather before getting to the body of an email, while American’s will get straight to the point. Verbal communication has similar global red flags as oral and written communication. It also extends into social media and internet presence at large. It can signify how a company represents itself globally. Global businesses should have local social media ambassadors for each country that the corporation does business in. Similarly, nonverbal communication has similar cross culture precautionsRead MoreThe Economic Reforms Of India Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought a virtual sea change in the framework of economic policy. This has been lead to make the Indian economy progressively market-oriented and has integrated it with global economic structure in a more meaningful way. The force of economic reform have encouraged the entry of domestic firms into the global market and global firms into the Indian market which has been successfully in drastically transforming society, culture, economics, and politics around the world. Perhaps the most significantRead MoreDeveloping Countr ies During World War II1547 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestment is known as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In case of FDIs, the foreign companies, especially Transnational Corporations (TNCs), invest in the growing nations and remain as the solitary owners of these investments. Since the 70`s the global presence of TNCs has increased and they have been instrumental in transcending national boundaries and this has resulted in developing a globalized economy. Unfortunately in spite of the efforts made by private foreign companies, developed nationsRead MoreThe Problem Of National Self Reliance Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagessovereignty. Efforts to preserve states individuality and self-reliance reveal the human suffering that was commonplace before globalization began to smooth out the economic extremes experienced in localized areas. All politics, and economics, are local but I m not sure that national self-reliance is a particularly useful tool as we move into the twenty-first century. The challenge is: how do proponents of liberal economics convince citizens of democracies that systemic level liberalization is beneficial

Hate Crime Enhancements - 973 Words

Running Head: JUST OR UNJUST? Hate Crime Enhancements Hate Crime This is a misnomer as it often does not involve hate (McDaniel 2012). The definition has been vague. Moreover, not all States have laws against it. A general definition given this violation by all States is that it is a specific crime, which includes threats, harassment or physical harm to a specific person or group. That person or group is the target because of a prejudice against the person or groups race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability. A State determines its parameters as a criminal offense. The federal definition is that it is the violence of intolerance and bigotry with the intention to hurt and intimidate the target for his or their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious or sexual orientation or disability. The federal government stresses the importance of the tension between individuals or groups because of cross-cultural barriers (McDaniel). Examples and Penalties Hate crime is usually interpreted from vandalism , which inflicts damage to a religious building, a memorial, religious icons or buildings (McDaniel, 2012). The crime is viewed as motivated by bias or prejudice. Because of their variety, penalties for hate crime are not uniform. Some States impose jail terms, large fines or even the death penalty. As a consequence of a law passed in 1994, the federal government is likely to increase the penalty. In addition, a three-part guide toShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Hate Crimes1023 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation, represents a serious threat to all communities. Experts estimate that a bias-related crime is committed every 14 minutes. Criminal justice officials and state policy makers need to realize that it is key to make or adjust hate crime legislation. This has been a heated debate for centuries. The key to solving the ever-growing problem of hate crimes is more hate crime legislation. Crimes The news of Columbine was all over the TV, newspapers, and in every social aspect of life. ThisRead MoreHate Crimes Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes I. Intro-What is a hate crime . A hate crime is when a person intentionally selects a victim because of the race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. A person who commits a hate crime can come from any background and be any race. The term hate crime is meant to differentiate criminal behavior that is caused by prejudice from behavior that is motivated by greed jealously, anger, politics and like. Hate groups differ from one another in terms of membershipRead More Hate Crimes Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages Hate Crimes I. What are Hate Crimes A. Definitions for Hate Crimes B. Counting Hate Crimes 1. White Power 2. Black Power II. Examples of Hate Crimes A. Hate Crime penalties III. Reasons for Hate Crimes Even though Hate Crimes have been around in the past, and have been most certainly been more violent in the past. Hate Crimes are most certainly still a problem in todays society, but it is not dealt with the same violent manner as previously performed in the past. There are still violent actsRead MoreThe Broad Adoption Of A Legislative Framework1936 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Within EW there is no specific mention of hate crime legislation; however there is the broad adoption of a legislative framework, focusing on a human rights perspective; inclusive of both minority and majority groups (Giannasi, 2008). EW’s legislative approach allows for the following: 1. Enhanced sentencing – courts are obligated to enhance sentences, if proven a crime was motivated by hostility based on race/religious grounds. 2. Incitement legislation – the criminalisation of actsRead MoreHate Crimes: Society Reaction to Change Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that more transgender people are killed due to hate crimes ever year than all the other major targets combined including blacks, Jews, Hispanics, lesbians, and gay men? Or did you know that gay teens are 8.4 times more likely to report having attempted suicide and 5.9 times more likely to report high levels of depression compared with peers from families that reported no or low levels of family rejection? What does that tell us about our society? Personally I believe that we in societyRead MoreEssay on Hate Crime1498 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crime   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Violence motivated by a bias against victims’ characteristics which include race, religion, ethnic background, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, represents a serious threat to all communities. Experts estimate that a bias-related crime is committed every 14 minutes. Criminal justice officials and state policy makers need to realize that it is key to make or adjust hate crime legislation. This has been a heated debate for centuriesRead MoreEssay on The Issue of LGBT Hate Crimes1018 Words   |  5 PagesHate Crimes: crimes motivated by a victim’s actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability or religion(Federal officials, 2011). Hate crimes have been around for centuries. A hate crime is considered any malicious crime that is derived from hatred towards a certain group of people. African Americans are still victim to hate crimes, even after the Civil Rights movement. James Byrd Jr. suffered a prime example of a gruesome hate cr ime in 1998, because of his African AmericanRead MoreEssay On Matthew Shepard Hate Crime1189 Words   |  5 PagesShepard Hate Crimes Prevention Act. The purpose of this act was to â€Å"provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes† (Kennedy, 2009 p.1). Assistance other than financial assistance, in general, at the request of State, local or, tribal law enforcement agency, the Attorney General may provide technical, forensic, prosecutorial, or any other form of assistance in the criminal investigation or prosecution of any crime that , constitutes a crime of violence;Read More Hate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision Essay example5764 Words   |  24 PagesHate Crimes and The Mitchell v. Wisconsin Decision The American Heritage Dictionary defines hate as intense dislike or animosity. However, defining hate as the basis for a crime is not as easy without possibly jeopardizing constitutional rights in the process. Hate crime laws generally add enhanced punishments to existing statues. A hate crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be demonstrated that the offense was a hate crime differently from the way it would be treated under ordinary criminalRead MorePersuasive Speech: We Must Take a Stand Against Hate Crimes Essay examples1739 Words   |  7 Pagespicketers carried signs saying, God Hates Fags and Fags Deserve to Die. Matthew Sheppard is one of the thousands of victims who have suffered from the form of violence known as hate crimes. Someone commits a hate crime every hour. In the most recent data collection, 2014, a reported 17, 876 hate crimes were committed. This is a national crisis that we cannot allow to continue. Today we will discuss the problems associated with this horrendous crime, causes for it, and finally steps we

The Case of officer Barton free essay sample

Officer Barton joined a big city police department six years ago. Officer Barton was a high school graduate and he was fluent on three languages such as French, Spanish and English. Officer Barton had difficulty adjusting to the police department at beginning after graduating from the academy due to the apparent bonds of loyalty and secrecy that the department had. He had to assimilate the new subculture that the officers had and create a bond with them. Robert Barton, like most of his peers, started out slowly and was overawed by the total process, but with time he began to feel, think and act like a cop. He wanted to protect and serve the community from criminals but the reality with the streets and social status that he sought, within the group; he quickly accepted the norms and values of his peers and of his field training officers. After three years in the patrol division, he was reassigned to the Gang Task Force that consisted of 26 investigators, 1 supervisor form 6 jurisdictions that formed a tightly knit work group. We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of officer Barton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This group consisted of a homogeneous and cohesive group of bilingual individuals that identified with each other by having the same values, attitudes, and beliefs in relation to their job. Due to this tight relationship, the task force was able to control gang activities. But for the group to achieve this, the task force skirted the law and sometimes conducted illegal searches and stopped individuals that where known not to be related to gang affiliation. They were times where arrests were made without probable cause. Even though Officer Barton tried to be neutral and stick to his personal values but he felt that he needed to prove to the rest of the group that he was part of them and play a blind eye to those activities that were against his beliefs (Harry W. More, 2012). The concepts related to groups and group dynamics explain that Officer Barton is the type of person who wants to be a stand up individual who stays firm for what he believes in. He seeks to be accepted by the task force, which is fueled by his need to be  a good police officer. He has assimilated to a new group that makes him to sacrifice the cultural acceptance that comes with it. Barton wants to succeed and he is conformed to the beliefs of his fellow officers to accomplish his success. He knows what the outcome will be if he does not act the way it is expected of him by the rest of the task force. He knows the mentality of the police department and it has developed into one that he does not like, but he knows he has to assimilate to it in order to have success within the department. Group cohesion cease to be positive when there is a clash of personalities within the group, disagreement between the members of the group concerning task or social roles, and termination in communication among group members or between group leaders and a member. Group cohesiveness will also stop being positive when one or more than one member of the group struggle to get control, a recurrent turnover of group members, and where there is a disagreement on group goals and objectives. Group cohesiveness becomes pathological when members fear losing rank or becoming alienated and it prevents them from giving out creative but unwanted ideas or from raising the possibility that negative happening may result from actions intended by the group. The profession of policing like many others often has a subculture unto itself. Police subculture praise law enforcement action and thrills for that reason these measures of law enforcement are seen as genuine work. In the place of corruption, the police subculture can either stop its existence or let it become like a virus that can fast easily spread through the department. The police subculture share attitudes, perceptions, assumptions, values, ways of living, and traditions. The subculture can be stronger than the officers’ relationship with his or her family. Experienced officers who have been on the job longer may test the new officers. Such as seeing the new recruits accepting gifts, which can lead to a path of corruption. As an administrator to prevent this type of behavior, the department should focus on maintaining member individuality. Workers can guide groups to create norms that encourage free and open policies to express their ideas and opinions. Policing should be ethical and it depends on the officers’ knowledge, rationality and devotion to achieve excellence. If this is not present in the department, it can become a disaster. It is true that officers are human beings and make mistakes but misconduct should not be  tolerated and be addressed immediately. Also, the behavior should be modeled by the administrators who set the standards for the department.

Gay Marriage Synthesis free essay sample

Everyday in the United States of America people fall in love. Love is its own universal language that helps evoke ones true, deep feelings towards another. Love is not exclusive to any one type of creature or object. A person may love their computer, their pet tabby cat, or another man or woman. Ultimately, when two people are in love they have the option to wed in holy matrimony. Marriage, similar to love, should not be limited to a member of the opposite gender, and same sex marriage should be allowed in America. As time passes and the future draws close, societies views on world wide issues are being altered due to the fact that â€Å"social change is inevitable† (Source H). This, along the results of polls taken on the American public concerning the right for same sex couples to marry, continues being altered every second. A recent study found that â€Å"an astonishing 81% of adults under the age of 30 favor marriage equality,† providing prominent, interesting findings that may hint at the near future of our country (Source A). Day by day the argument grows stronger and stronger on whether or not to discriminate against free Americans with a different viewpoint on love. Same sex couples deserve every right that ordinary couples do, and the majority of America can agree on this standpoint which is pushing for equality. Same sex marriage is protected by the Constitutions commitments to liberty and equality, and rulings in the Supreme Court shall reflect such defenses. Ultimately, what is at stake here is under the control of American morals on whether or not same sex couples should be victimized in court rulings regarding their right to marry when it is obvious that their right is protected multiple times in the US Constitution. Throughout the US Constitution, various discriminations are extirpated as â€Å"it did not tolerate [inequality] in separate schools and drinking fountains, it did not tolerate [inequality] with respect to bans on interracial marriage,† and inequality shall not be tolerated here with regards to granting marriage impartiality (Source C). In history’s past, as community views have been altered, the law has been altered too. Since the law of the land is protecting same sex couples’ right to marry, there should be an unanimous wave of approval rather than an inexhaustible argument on whether or not the law provides limits on such marriages, due to the fact that the law clearly has no blockades on such joinings. As logic takes over in ones mind, the Supreme Court should realize that it is unlawful and immoral to rule against the right for same sex couples to marry peacefully, just as a normal couple would. Furthermore, the concept of â€Å"traditional marriage† being defined as one man and one woman is historically inaccurate. If one is arguing that gay marriage is not traditional, it could be argued that a heterosexual monogamy is unnatural due to history’s past of polygamy, communal child rearing, and the use of mistresses and prostitution. This false definition of traditional marriage helps to address the idea that same sex couples provide equal, if not more, advantages to society and the surrounding communities along with more importantly, causing no harm. In order to analyze such benefits first an exposition of marriage must be provided. Many find that the best definition of marriage is the statements praised as newly weds recite their vows: â€Å"to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness, in health, until death do us part† (Source D). Continually, as far as income is concerned, the United States government could bring approximately 184 million supplementary dollars into a single states economy over 3 years through the cost of gay marriage licenses, and higher income taxes for gays (Source G). On a more family oriented note, a gay couples home life provides a bolstering environment for financial and emotional security, along with generating loving family bonds between many. Furthermore, if a same sex couple were to bear children into their family, it would encourage future generations to ensure equality for all and prevent future discrimination. Overall, there is no set definition on â€Å"traditional marriage† and the myth that gay marriage cause harm to society should be put to rest. Some may argue that marriage is not a right that can just be handed off to anyone; rather they believe that marriage is a privilege. Continually, they may argue that marriage was created in order to support and encourage procreation; however, although same sex couples cannot produce offspring together, they can provide support to children in need whom heterosexual couples have abandoned, or children who may not have a loving a caring family-something a same sex couple may be able to provide. On a similar note, other civilians against gay marriage may altercate that allowing same sex marriage will encourage young children to act out against societies’ general morals. This is an illogical argument do to the fact that gay marriage does not encourage any unlawful or illegal behaviors in young children. As Source B jokes, as a result of gays marrying the only consequence will be that gays marry. The icecaps will not melt, Russia will not invade, judgment day will not begin and families will not be destroyed. Society will always have bountiful changes of view, and we must alter our laws to protect the general morals and beliefs of the community in order to provide our country with infinite benefits. Remember, although gay marriage may seem like a nerve wracking change, you will survive as will the world, providing us only with a stronger sense of moral equality.

Differences Between the Antifederalists and Federalists Essay Example

Differences Between the Antifederalists and Federalists Paper The Articles of Confederation stirred up many problems between the states. The antifederalists, or people who opposed a strong federal government, came into quarrel with the federalists, who favored a strong federal government. The federalists differ from the anti-federalists in terms of social, economic, and political expression. Many differences arose between the federalists and the antifederalists concerning social issues. First of all, the antifederalists were from the poorer classes, while the federalists were from higher, more aristocratic classes. Antifederalists mainly consisted of uneducated people who made up the working class. Federalists, however, were aristocratic people who were cultured and well educated. Also, many popular figures were in conflict with one another, due to their antifederalist or federalist beliefs. Patrick Henry, a famous patriot and lawyer, provided support for the antifederalists. Being from Virginia, the largest and most populous of the states, Pa trick Henry was a powerful figure. On the other hand, George Washington, James Madison, and John Marshall were all in support of the federalist side. James Madison, along with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, wrote The Federalist, a group of propaganda essays written for the New York newspapers. Besides social differences, economic differences also widened the gap between the antifederalists and the federalists. The poor antifederalists were in conflict with the rich federalists. Antifederalists, for instance, consisted of people who were in debt. The debtors feared a strong central government would make they pay off their debts. Also, antifederalists also did not want the states to establish laws regarding tariffs and navigation. Antifederalists were poor; therefore, they created worthless money to pay off their debts. On the other hand, the federalists were wealthy people who were of noble birth. They immensely disagreed with the antifederalist act

Abraham Lincolns Historical Thanksgiving Proclamation

Abraham Lincoln's Historical Thanksgiving Proclamation Thanksgiving did not become a national holiday in the United States until the fall of 1863  when President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring that the last Thursday in November would be a day of national thanksgiving. While Lincoln issued the proclamation, credit for making Thanksgiving a national holiday should go to Sarah Josepha  Hale, the editor of Godeys Ladys Book, a popular magazine for women in 19th century America. Hales Campaign for Thanksgiving Hale, who campaigned for years to make Thanksgiving a nationally observed holiday, wrote to Lincoln on September 28, 1863, and urged him to issue a proclamation. Hale mentioned in her letter that having such a national day of Thanksgiving would establish a great Union Festival of America. With the United States in the depths of the Civil War, perhaps Lincoln was attracted to the idea of a holiday unifying the nation. At that time Lincoln was also contemplating delivering an address on the purpose of the war which would become the Gettysburg Address. Lincoln wrote a proclamation, which was issued on October 3, 1863. The New York Times published a copy of the proclamation two days later. The idea seemed to catch on, and the northern states celebrated Thanksgiving on the date noted in Lincolns proclamation, the last Thursday in November, which fell on November 26, 1863. Lincolns Thanksgiving Proclamation The text of Lincolns 1863 Thanksgiving proclamation follows: October 3, 1863By the President of the United StatesA ProclamationThe year that is drawing toward its close has been filled with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies. To these bounties, which are so constantly enjoyed that we are prone to forget the source from which they come, others have been added, which are of so extraordinary a nature that they cannot fail to penetrate and soften the heart which is habitually insensible to the ever-watchful providence of Almighty God.In the midst of a civil war of unequaled magnitude and severity, which has sometimes seemed to foreign states to invite and provoke their aggressions, peace has been preserved with all nations, order has been maintained, the laws have been respected and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed everywhere, except in the theater of military conflict; while that theater has been greatly contracted by the advancing armies and navies of the Union.Needful diversions of wealth and of strength from the fields of pe aceful industry to the national defense have not arrested the plow, the shuttle, or the ship; the ax has enlarged the borders of our settlements, and the mines, as well of iron and coal as of the precious metals, have yielded even more abundantly than heretofore. Population has steadily increased, notwithstanding the waste that has been made in the camp, the siege, and the battlefield, and the country, rejoicing in the consciousness of augmented strength and vigor, is permitted to expect continuance of years with large increase of freedom.No human counsel hath devised, nor hath any mortal hand worked out these great things. They are the gracious gifts of the Most High God, who while dealing with us in anger for our sins, hath nevertheless remembered mercy.It has seemed to me fit and proper that they should be solemnly, reverently, and gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and one voice by the whole American people. I do, therefore, invite my fellow-citizens in every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next as a Day of Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the heavens. And I recommend to them that, while offering up the ascriptions justly due to Him for such singular deliverances and blessings, they do also, with humble penitence for our national perverseness and disobedience, commend to His tender care all those who have become widows, orphans, mourners, or sufferers in the lamentable civil strife in which we are unavoidably engaged, and fervently implore the interposition of the Almighty hand to heal the wounds of the nation, and to restore it, as soon as may be consistent with the Divine purposes, to the full enjoyment of peace, harmony, tranquility, and union.In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United Stated States to be affixed.Done at the city of Washington, this third day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-eighth.Abraham Lincoln

How modernism has changed architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How modernism has changed architecture - Essay Example The word â€Å"modernism† is used as the synonym to the â€Å"modern architecture† or as the name of the style (in English literature- modern). The style is characterized by free and natural forms (Picture. 1). Modernism in architecture includes such branches as European functionalism of 1920-1930s, constructivism and rationalism of 1920s in Russia, the movement â€Å"Bauhaus† in Germany, the artdeco style, international style, brutalism, organic architecture. Thus, every of these phenomena is one of the branches of one tree that is called modernism in architecture. The main representatives of the modernism in architecture are the pioneers of the modern architecture: Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Adolph Georg Gropius, Richard Joseph Neutra, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier; Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto, Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida de Niemeyer Soares Filho (Crouch, 2000). Le Corbusier (Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, 1887-1965) is a French architect with Sweden origin, a pioneer of modernism, a representative of the international style of architecture, a painter and a designer. The great popularity of the work of Le Corbusier can be explained by his universal approach and social meaning of his propositions. It is impossible not to mention his contribution, which revealed free forms in architecture. He stated: â€Å"modern life demands, and is waiting for, a new kind of plan, both for the house and the city† (cited in Le Corbusier). Under the influence of his projects and the buildings he designed the perception of architects changed and they start using free forms in architecture more frequently. One of the buildings, which perfectly reflect his ideas, is Villa Savoye (Picture 2): â€Å"Villa Savoye is Purist to the extreme–a stark white floating box pierced by symmetrical horizontal window openings. The house is devoid of decoration a nd visual interest is created by the play of

The Postcolonial Cultural Identities of Individuals and Nations Essay

The Postcolonial Cultural Identities of Individuals and Nations - Essay Example Therefore it is possible to read E.M Forster’s novel A Passage to India, written many years before the Indian independence, as a text that represents both colonial and postcolonial sentiments. Derek Walcott’s long poem ‘The Schooner Flight’ deals with the complex cultural aspects of identity and nationalism in the colonial Caribbean islands. Edwards Said’s thoughtful analysis of the ways in which the West has constructed an orient that suits their colonial needs has left an indelible impression in the cultural discourses prevalent in the latter phase of the previous century. He exposed how the West conveniently constructed the misconceptions of cultural stereotypes for their benefit. Such cultural labeling and role-fixing had been a part of the dominant colonial discourses that misrepresented the history and culture of colonized nations. In his view, â€Å"the Orient was almost a European invention and had been since antiquity a place of romance, exotic beings, haunting memories and landscapes, remarkable experiences† (1). Chinua Achebe tries to deconstruct the popular notions of the false notions of innate inferiority and cultural dependence of once-colonized nations to the colonizers. His responses to the brash comments by the Western critics aimed at the emerging postcolonial literature are laden with a judicious blend of intelligent arguments and indigenous cultural sentiments. Contesting the accusation that writers like him have been imitating the Western forms of cultural discourses, he observes: The colonialist critic, unwilling to accept the validity of sensibilities other than his own, has made a particular point of dismissing the African novel.  

Ethics Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Worksheet - Essay Example The wife is, obviously, lying for her husband and trying to protect him. Socially, she has not done any wrong in doing so, and since the police have not been able to convict the husband, they are bound by law and cannot carry out further investigation without due cause. The other issue at hand is the belief of the police officers that the husband was driving while intoxicated. They checked the hood of the car, which was warm, suggesting that it had been very recently used. They also observed the husband drop the car keys and put them in his pocket while he was walking up to the front door. After carrying out a check, they retrieved a set of car keys from his front pocket, but the husband denied driving and said he was out walking. The wife maintained she had not driven either. However, it was obvious that the husband was lying. The husband failed to pass the intoxication tests satisfactorily, and it was established that he was, indeed, intoxicated; his alcohol was on the scale of 0.2 0 on his breath. It is socially unethical, and legally unlawful, to drive intoxicated. However, since the officers did not observe him driving themselves, they are unable to take any action. Q3: 3A: Claimant 1: The husband. He is the person who would be convicted of two crimes, domestic violence, and intoxicated driving, if the crimes were to be proven. Therefore, he would prefer that the police do not find sufficient evidence to convict him. To that end, he has got his wife to lie for him as well. From the perspective of the moral agent, the obligation of justice is owed to the husband. All the preliminary evidence points towards him being guilty. He is on socially and legally unethical grounds, and to make it worse, he is lying about it. He should be dealt with justice, and convicted. 3B: Claimant 2: The wife. She has a minor role to play in the case. She was the victim of domestic violence, but now she denies it, and there are no visible signs of violence about her to convict the husband for that. She is also lying for her husband. For the sale of her husband, she would prefer the authorities not to find him guilty, and she would prefer the police not to find sufficient evidence to convict him. That is the reason for her lying. The obligation owed towards her is beneficence, and she should be dealt with it. If indeed she is the victim of violence, then she should be taken into protective custody and her problem solved. She should also be given the confidence that she can still live her life with her husband convicted, so that there is no need for her to lie to protect him. 3C: Claimant 3: The police officers. They have strong belief of the husband being guilty based on their observations, and they would prefer for the husband to be convicted of the crimes, because they believe he is lying about them. The experience of the older police officer also point towards this verdict. However, since they do not have sufficient proof, such as visible signs of domestic violence and the actual observation of the husband driving while intoxicated, they should deal him with the moral obligation of non-injury, since they can protect bringing unnecessary harm to the couple. Q4: Alternative 1: The police do not convict, based on insufficient evidence. Best case scenario, the husband does not repeat the mistake again. Worst case scenario,

Office Grapevine Causes and Effects

Office Grapevine Causes and Effects A RESEARCH PAPER ON  OFFICE GRAPEVINE: AN INEVITABLE ASPECT OF AN ORGANIZATION Abstract: To hear something through the grapevine is to learn of something informally and unofficially by means of gossip and rumor. It is defined as â€Å"The informal transmission of information, gossip, or rumor from person to person or usually unrevealed source of confidential information.† Grapevine or gossip is unavoidable in the corporate environment. As employees jostle to reach the priced top spot, jealousy, now coupled with social networking, sparks off gossip. Grapevine arises from social communications, so it can be as fickle, mischievous, and dynamic and varied as people. Left to itself, a grapevine can inflict as much damage as a raging fire. The prudent manager’s skill lies in utilizing the office grapevine in a positive way so as to benefit the company he works for. The present article throws light on the nature of office grapevine, its causes effects. It also tries to explain the greener side of the office grapevine that is it can be considered up to some extent as healthy one can utilize it for the betterment of the company. Key words: Office grapevine, rumor, gossiping, managerial communication Introduction: Grapevine communication originated at the moment humans learned how to speak.   Grapevine communication in the office is the unofficial way of communication where the information usually spreads through rumors or gossip. It is not a communication in the actual sense but on the contrary, is a barrier to communication. We can say that it is the very nature of human being to talk about others. People working in any organization share their feelings, grievances, emotions with their colleagues. Through this, they get social personal satisfaction; which in turn increases job satisfaction. Thus, it is the inevitable part of the office communication. In the words of Keith Davis, â€Å"Grapevine is basically a channel of horizontal communication, for its only people working at the same level of hierarchy who can informally communicate with one another with perfect ease. It means gossip, usually gossip that spreads and covers a lot of ground (a lot of people), much like vines do. Further, we can say that competition is the root cause for this grapevine sort of communica tion. And the present age is full of competition where everyone wants to prove he/she the best. But not all the persons adopt the genuine way of achieving their aims. Some people engage themselves in the unfair practices like they may spread baseless rumors about the persons they envy thus prove the major hindrance in other’s path of success. If the office grapevine takes such a negative turn, it is certainly detrimental for the very existence of that concern. Grapevine communication is the informal communication network within an organization. The grapevine is used to spread information bypassing the formal communication structure. Just like the grapevine plant: it spreads in random ways and it goes where it can. The grapevine is formed by the individuals and groups in an organization. The people in the groups have something in common that links them together. A person can belong to one or more groups. Companies should not ignore the grapevine, be indifferent to it or try it kill it. Leaders should proactively communicate and inject as much authentic information into the system as they can. Regular interactions with employees are the best way to understand gossip and politics, and one must be prepared for this. Research Objectives: The main objectives for this research are To know the causes effects of the office grapevine. To know the importance of office grapevine. To find out the ways to overcome the adverse effects of the office grapevine. Scope of the study: The scope of the present study is limited to the understanding of the concept of office grapevine, its importance, its causes effects to the remedies to wash away its negative impacts. However, there cannot be fixed solutions to eradicate office grapevine. It may differ from concern to concern. There may be various factors responsible for office grapevine to happen. Research Methodology: The present study is a genuine attempt to find out the ways for transforming the negative effects of the office grapevine into the positive ones. Data collection: The investigation conducted is through desk research and purely based on secondary data available on World Wide Web. Research Findings: Features: Very speedy type of communication. It has benefits and backfires as well. No channel of communication is there as in the case of formal communication. It is a mix of reality and rumor, about 80% information flows through grapevine. Importance: The grapevine is useful as a supplement to formal channels of communication. It often travels more quickly than other channels and is usually more direct. The grapevine is present within all levels of staff. It exists because of a natural desire to know things and brings a sense of belonging to employees and managerial staff alike. It can create corporate identity and build teamwork. Although the grapevine can wreak havoc with misinformation, it can also be beneficial. In most cases, grapevine information holds at least a kernel of truth. Information from upper management that flows through the grapevine to lower-level employees can allow them to see, and possibly relate to, the struggles that management is facing. When employees have a sense (even if it is not entirely accurate) of these challenges, they can rise up and make suggestions or work to improve a situation of which they might not otherwise have been aware. Also, if trouble is on the horizon (according to the grapevine), it can give employees a chance to make plans and temper their reactions when the news is formally communicated to them. Types of Grapevine: Within the organization communication chains exist. The chain used by formal communication may be very rigid, following the chain of command or authority. However, the chain used by the grapevine tends to be very flexible. Four different chains/structures appear to dominate the grapevine network according to Keith Davis are: The Single Strand Chain: This is a simple concept to follow, A tells B, who tells C, who tells D and so on. Each person passes the information on to the next person. The longer the strand the more distortion and filtering affects the information being passed until the last person in the chain may find the information unrecognizable from the original message. Most inaccuracies occur in this chain. The Gossip Chain: In this illustration A simply tells everyone with whom they come in contact. This pattern is considered to be somewhat slow in moving the information. The Probability Chain: In this case A makes random contact with say F and C and passes on the information. They in turn randomly contact others in accordance with laws of probability. Some hear the information and some dont. In this structure, there is no definite pattern of communication. Information is randomly passed along to anyone willing to listen. They type of person who communicates in this manner might be a very outgoing and talkative type of individual. The Cluster Chain: Here A tells contacts, B and F, who may work with A. They may tell two or three other persons with whom they usually have close contact. Most predominant pattern is the cluster pattern. Selectivity is the basis for this pattern. In any organization, individuals will generally feel more comfortable with some fellow employees than with others and therefore only relay information to those in their informal social groups. This flow pattern results in information missing some individuals completely. Advantages: It’s fast in spreading the information Both men and women actively participate in passing information It builds relationship between people. Disadvantages: Grapevine communication has the potential to spread unnecessary gossip. It’s dangerous to the health of an organization if allowed to grow without monitoring. May result in character assassination and personal vilification of individuals. May provoke sudden unwanted and unexpected reactions from emotionally unstable people. Grapevine channel can be moderated but not eliminated. Causes for grapevine communication to occur: The grapevine consists basically of rumors and gossip and travels from person to person during breaks, lunch and in after-work gatherings. It can bypass security because of its ability to cross over organizational lines. The grapevine functions best in situations where formal communication is poor, yet it is a natural part of human behavior. This information channel increases in times of stress or uncertainty, and from the lack of formal news coming directly from the upper management of the company. Effects: The grapevine allows feelings to be expressed instead of bottled up. People need to talk about what is affecting them, and the grapevine allows this kind of expression. Employees and staff can communicate important topics using their own language, instead of the technical jargon used in formal communication channels. If managers can tap into the grapevine, they can learn a substantial amount about the issues and problems of their employees. It is a solid indicator of health, morale and productivity in the company. Warning of the grapevine communication: A large percentage of communication that travels the grapevine is true; however, it is difficult for one to discern fact from fiction through the grapevine. Management must effectively monitor the grapevine and jump in to correct inaccuracies or falsehoods. The grapevine is unstable and unreliable; it can fuel anxiety, conflict and misunderstanding in small or large group situations. Recommendations: Since grapevine activity increases during times of uncertainty, management must provide information through formal system of communication about key issues events that affect employees. Management should supply employees with steady flow of accurate, timely information; so to minimize the potential damage caused by the grapevine. The grapevine can be controlled with prompt, clear accurate information on the issues important to the employees. Direct memos, large group announcements intercom systems should be used. A company can appoint expert persons in the HR Department to listen to the grievances of the employees on prompt basis before the rumor mill gets momentum. The top management should try to gather all the possible information or rather facts regarding the rumors. If there is an external rumor, it is generally left to journalists, reporters or media. At such situations, the company should prepare a formal response depending upon the situation. While implementing any new plan or system within the organization, the management may leak the information about it to the key communicators in the company. Through this, the upper body can get to know how a new idea will be received; whether it will be welcomed or rejected strongly. If the feedback is positive, the management can go with their plan for implementation but if it is negative, the plan can be rethought pinpointed the problem areas. Conclusion: Dealing effectively with the grapevine is a challenge that will always be a part of a manager’s job. Those who are able to understand the power of the grapevine will be better prepared to utilize it to provide stability credibility in the work environment. Thus, office grapevine is a part parcel of any organization. The only thing is the skill of a manager who utilizes this informal type of communication for achieving the organizational goals. References: [1.] Fell Tim, ‘The Grapevine’; Vide Arts Group (2000) [2.] The Research Paper ‘I heard it through the grapevine’ by Peter Cook. [3.] www.wikipedia.org [4.] www.smallbusiness.chron.com [5.] www.articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com [6.] www.analytictech.com [7.] www.theofficegrapevine.co [8.] http://www.cuttingedgepr.com

Essay --

Miner1 Shawna Pergeson Miss Miner English II 18 March 2014 Holocaust Experiments People all over the world go through a lot of hardship. Starvation, abuse, wars, bombing raids, genocide. People would suffer over the fallen economy. In Europe and even here in the United States, many people struggled to survive through the Holocaust Era. It’s weary out there. The people who had it the worse were the Polish, Russians, Gypsies, and especially the Holocaust victims; the Jewish Population. They were kicked out of their homes, shoved into cattle cars, killed, and made to work in a concentration camps and many other terrible things. The worst of all, they were experimented on. The following pages are going to tell you how the concentration camps were built, who ran the experiment camps. Also about the experiments and what the effects were. Shawna Pergeson Miner2 Miss Miner English II 18 March 2014 The medical experiments started in World War II. Buchenwald was one of the first camps built in the summer of 1937. The prisoners were made to carry very large rocks to build it during their â€Å"free time†. Prisoners were used for Virus Researches like Typhus and were infused with numerous types of pathogens to reveal the strengths of the vaccines. Usually killing the subjects, forced prisoners like the Jews and Gypsies were force to take part. The Buchenwald Camp was freed April 11, 1945. The day after that, President Franklin Roosevelt died. Soviets then used the camp as another concentration camp, not for civilians, but for their own enemies in Germany. The doctors during... ...ctors put in the tuberculosis bacteria in the prisoners at camp Neuengamme. Around two hundred adults died from this. They also cut off legs and shoulders from prisoners at Ravensbruck to attach them onto other subjects. This also included parts of bones, muscles, and nerves to analyze the healing process for the body parts. The result of the experiments were horrid pain, mutilation, disability, and death. Doctors of the Concentration Camps also experimented on birth effects. They meant to radiate and sterilize young men and study the changes in the reproduction organs. Women had substances unwillingly implanted their cervix or uterus which caused pain, bleeding, and spasms. Women were forced into artificial insemination. The subjects were told that they have monsters in their wombs and were cross bred from animals. This was probably the worse of the experiments.

Comparing “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” and “a Life of the Senses”

Throughout the course of history, technology has changed us. It gave us a way to communicate in long distances. It gave us a way to produce goods faster and more efficiently. And it gave us the convenience to acquire knowledge with just one click of a button. However, there are bad effects as there are good. Nicolas Carr’s â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? † and Richard Louv’s â€Å"A Life of the Senses†, discusses the different effects of technology on people. Carr’s essay, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? discusses technology’s effect in our way of thinking, while Louv’s essay, â€Å"A Life of the Senses† discusses the change in our lifestyle and our senses. From the get go, Carr says that â€Å"†¦I’ve had an uncomfortable feeling that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neutral circuitry, reprogramming my memory† (1). Sure enough, it actually has been. Most of us probabl y have had this feeling; a feeling like something was off. It becomes more apparent when we try to read a long essay, or a novel.We sit around and read a few paragraphs or a few pages, but not for long we â€Å"†¦begin looking for something else to do† (1). We come to realize that we can’t concentrate, we feel impatient and we find ourselves staring at an LCD screen, or maybe an LED screen, doing what we usually do: nothing. When a question arises about that essay we were about to read, we push a few keys, click a few link and voila! Here is a whole page in which we will exercise more of our laziness. We then start to wonder what causes this.Surprisingly, one of our most important means of communication and source of information is causing this. The Net, is chipping away our capacity for concentration and contemplation (1). Louv refers to this in his essay as the â€Å"know-it-all state of mind† (667). We browse and browse and browse and we skim everything we see. We want to acquire information and we want it immediately. This want to acquire information as fast as we can load the page, becomes a habit and changes us into something like the very machine we use to get all of this information.We are turned into something like our favorite search engine. It can get you answers fast, but it doesn’t understand any of it. As Louv and Carr would say, we are skimming at the surface but we don’t penetrate vertically. (667, 1) It’s scary to know that the Net made us developed a habit that turns us into robots, but it’s much scarier when we find out that it’s actually changing the way we think. We seek maximum speed, maximum efficiency, and maximum output just likeTaylor’s system mentioned in Carr’s essay. This system was created to boost production in factories, and is still used even now. It did us a lot of good economically, but without even noticing, this system has wormed its way to our brain s and made it our philosophy, or, as Louv quoted from Daniel Yankelovich, our religion. This faith is taking over our minds. It’s making us stupid in terms of our depth of understanding, but it doesn’t end there. The Net or technology as a whole is changing the way we live.Long ago, before the inventions of portable gadgets, people used to look out the car window, people used to go out with friends and kids used to play outside and exercise their imaginations, but now technology has changed everything. Instead of looking out in the horizon people stare at their small radioactive devices, throwing birds that need counseling at pyramids of sticks and stones built by green mutated pigs. Instead, of going out with friends they try and fit all their thoughts and feeling into a box that can only contain one hundred forty letters.Instead of playing outside they stay inside watching television, tinkering with their gaming consoles, and or trying to win the title â€Å"heavies t kid on earth. † People are missing out on all of the good things the outside world can give us. Their missing out the kind of fun I felt when my siblings and I played â€Å"Whoever counts the most cow wins. † I miss those days, and sure enough we’re all going start looking for it. And when we do, businesses are going to be there to â€Å"provide† you with a quick and easy way to fulfill this need.Industries soon get profit from â€Å"concocted nature† even when we can get it for free. We fall for it anyways, because even if the â€Å"nature† we see is just a simulation our brain thinks that it’s fine. Synthetic or real, it doesn’t matter, and I suspect that the system embedded in our brains is the cause of this. When we start to feel that we want something, we automatically think that we want it now, and the closest thing that can give fulfill this need is our computer, or, if were up to it, the mall. It’s just a much f aster and more efficient way to fulfill the current task.On the other hand, when we start looking at artificial nature we start to lose our appreciation and understanding for actual nature. For example, before all of the images of the Grand Canyon people used to at it in awe. They would explore it, admire it and speculate how all of it came about, but now, we take a picture, post it in a social media site, caption it with half-hearted praises and since there’s nothing more to see or say we turn around and drive away. We saw it and now it’s time to leave, just like another webpage. The system digs even deeper.To obtain something, you must first lose something. In this case, to obtain information faster we must lose our traditional way of learning by experience. As Louv quotes Edward Reed, â€Å"We are beginning ‘to lose the ability to experience our world directly. What we have come to mean by the term experience is impoverished; what we have of experience in dai ly life is impoverished as well’† (670). We rely so much on the information we know from the Net that we think we can do anything, well, as long as we can search the instructions online, or we can watch how to, via online streaming.We become uninterested in actually doing something, since we already â€Å"know† how to. We are left in the dark on how something actually works, because we don’t really need more than knowing how to turn something on. As a result, the most important means of gathering information is now missing. However, just like Carr and Louv I think that some of us are focusing on the negatives too much. We have exponentially advanced in terms of production, distribution, processing information and a lot more.My grandmother survived cancer because of technology, and God, knows that the internet has helped me many times in homework’s and projects. It’s the primary tool for students after all, well that and the library. Neverthel ess, it’s definitely not all bad. There may be some possibilities that we are turning into robots, but there may also be more chances that we’re just changing into something better. One can develop a machine to process information and someday it may be able to fully understand it, but people are not machines.We can process information and we can understand them; it’s just that we developed a certain affinity of getting what we need first rather than understanding. I think of it a testing period for a prototype of the perfect machine, but this time it’s a prototype of a perfect way of thinking. We may find a way to get something fast and fully understand it in the future, but for now we are evolving. If you still think that we are turning into nothing more than computer, always remember that computers can never feel, and no matter what we humans do, we will always feel.

Anti-Smoking essays

Anti-Smoking essays For a long time now many people have different views about smoking in public places. Smokers feel it is their right to smoke where and when they want. On the other hand, non-smokers feel smokers violate their rights and endanger their life. Smoking causes heart disease, lung cancer and other serious illnesses. Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. A substantial number of lung cancers that occur in non-smokers can be attributed to involuntary smoking. There are some parts in the United States where you can smoke in public places; on the other hand in New York there are designated areas. While some people feel that smoking in public places should remain since it is their right, it seems quite clear that smoking in public places should be banned because second-hand smoke will endanger non-smokers health and it pollutes the environment. Smokers feel they have had the right to smoke in a public place for so long that it should not be taken away. Restaurants and businesses should be allowed to set their own smoking rules, based on demands of the customers. Also business may decrease if they do not allow smokers the right to smoke, especially in bars and restaurants. The work place is another problem for smokers, now they have to go outside even in the winter to have a cigarette, even though they used to be able to smoke inside. A strong supporter on smokers rights is Democratic Assemblyman Dick Floyd, who wanted to vote for a controversial smokers right bill. He feels it is not a smoking bill; it merely protects the people who use legal substances such as tobacco and alcohol in their homes from job discrimination. However, smoking in public places is a danger to non-smokers health for the reason of passive or second-hand smoke. The public does not realize the significant hazards of second-hand smoke. A U.S environmental protection agency stated that: second-hand smoke is the third major cause of lung cance...

Gun Control A Firing Issue misc essays

Gun Control A Firing Issue misc essays Gun control is undoubtedly an issue that most Americans have been exposed to. In 1989, guns killed 11,832 Americans. The National Rifle Association (NRA) members believe that it is their constitutional right to own guns, stating that guns are not the root of the crime problem in the United States. Gun control activists like the members of the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence (CSGV) argue that guns are responsible for the majority of violent crimes that take place. They wish to instill many types of bans and waiting periods on firearms, making it nearly impossible to obtain a handgun. In fact, in 1993 the Brady Bill, which mandates a waiting period on buying firearms, was passed. Their arguments range from protecting children to saying that guns are diseases, but when one looks at the facts, though, the arguments of gun control advocates seem irrelevant and it becomes clear that guns should not be controlled. Gun ownership by private citizens is protected under the 2nd Amendment. It states that "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."" The forefathers of our country meant for the people to own and use firearms, and any law or control on that right would be unconstitutional. Gun control activists essentially believe the Second Amendment guarantees only to its militia the right of arms, but the "Gun control proponents have yet to identify even a single quote from one of the founders to support their claim" (Silver 78). The 2nd Amendment supports gun owners, and hard evidence that it does otherwise is nonexistent. Gun control advocates have been lobbying for 7 years for the passage of the Brady Bill, which makes a waiting period mandatory for all national firearm sales. Ironically, the passage of this bill in 1993 has done nothing to reduce crime; in fact violen...

Operative Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operative Management - Term Paper Example Rigsby and Guy Greco, 2003) Sam Walton, the founder of Wal- Mart had a clear vision to establish Wal- Mart as the best retail store in the industry. The mission of Wal Mart was simple, easy to explain to those responsible for its achievement, and straightforward that left nothing to the imagination. The goal of the Sam was not the biggest retailer but the best retailer in the industry. Wal- Mart was equipped with certain basic values to attain its straightforward mission. These values are the ability to merchandise, creating innovative retailing ideas, best store operations, cost control, technologies, customer services, distribution, and establishing a culture as a retailer. The reason for such a phenomenal success as the best retailer in the word is to pursue the business with these pre-established values. Wal- Mart translated these values into its retail practices and achieved the best results. Wal- Mart executed its strategies by developing the skill of managers in areas of communication, motivating junior staff, team development through training, establishing standards for customer service, and fixing responsibility and accountability. Wal- Mart used one of the basic theories of management called ‘theory of motivation’. Theory of motivation seeks to persuade efforts from management to encourage employees. Sam Walton, the founder of Wal- Mart, used to visit his stores and meet employees at different levels of activities. He used to carry a tape recorder and treated it as his ‘tool of empowerment’. He used to tape his conversations with employees and later listened to those recordings for devising means to create motivation among his workforce. He was first in the industry to call his work as his ‘associate’. Addressing an employee as an ‘associate’ of the management is enough to instill in employees a sense of responsibility at par with ownership.

Role of ICT in Improving Patient Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of ICT in Improving Patient Care - Essay Example The World Health Organization highlights the primary objective for health information systems as; the need to collect, analyze and package date and impart the outcomes to others to aid in policy making. In one hand, this implies enhancing nurses access to lab results and diminishing hindrances between perceptions made by various medicinal services suppliers. On the other hand, policy making can be expanded through the execution of a healing center wide clinical choice emotionally supportive network that recovers packs of information and educates the fitting people at the proper time. A good example of such system is Electronic Health Records Ahima (2011) defines an Electronic Health Record (EHR) as a modern version of patient’s medical history, that is updated and maintained by clinicians over a given period of time. Liang (2010) further acknowledges that the contents of EHR are a lot and may encompass all important records on the administration and clinical data that are key to patient’s welfare. Such may include; patient’s progress notes, demographics, ailments, medications, laboratory data, medical history, radiology reports as well as immunization records. All these tons of information show why it is important for nurses to have a modern and integrated system that automates access to information. Some of the basic benefits of EHR include streamlining clinical workflow, quality management and many more as discussed in this paper.

The Politics and Policies of Three U.S President from the Post World Essay

The Politics and Policies of Three U.S President from the Post World War II - Essay Example Through peaceful cooperation as a result of a countries foreign policies, a country is able to protect its national interest, economic prosperity and more importantly national security. The United States has for long experienced a split personality when it comes to matters regarding foreign policy. Other policies exemplify a pragmatic nation which requires that the nation respond to facts as they relate to the situation at hand and hence application of a rational decision making process to the problem (Brinkley 2011). On the other hand, we have an idealistic side which has for long gotten the United States into trouble. This is attributed to the loss of sight on the fact that the resources at our disposal are limited. Additionally, the resources which are in most cases are measured both in terms of financial, economic and military in addition to political will which must at all times match the objectives of the country so as to ensure success. Since the end of the Second World War, t he country had been demobilizing and was also characterized with the public reverting to its traditional isolationist character (Brinkley 2011). This made containment only limited to where the military strength was greatest which was in Western Europe. The entrance of China into the Korean War on the 26th day of November 1950 resulted into a retreat by U.S. troops being below the thirty eighth parallel and consequently resulting into a stalemated war. It is in line with this that Eisenhower with a promise of ensuring the war in Korea is rapidly and successful conclusion was elected into office as president. Come the end of 1952, Eisenhower had already concluded that it was not prudent for the united states to needed to engage in a conventional war on the Asian mainland, a decision which we can trace to the fact that the cabinet was made up of businessmen who as a matter of fact were extreme fiscal conservatives who placed more emphasis on having a balanced budget (Brinkley 2011). Ad ditionally, the present who had been a general understood the need to the resources of America and their foreign policy commitments. Amongst remarkable attributes that can be associated with him include the realistic approach to foreign issues and the ability to recognize the limits of the capabilities of the resources. Additionally, he ushered in a pragmatic foreign policy through redefinition and limitation of the goals of containment. He is best remembered for negotiating for a ceasefire agreement between the North and the south at thirty-eighth parallel on July 1953. He additionally redirected support for French efforts in Indochina and subsequently promising economic aid to the Diem government. We can also note that he relied more on other countries resources mainly acquired through alliances like the Baghdad Pact and the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization as tools for countering threats posed by communists (Brinkley 2011). It can however be noted that Eisenhower failed to off er the needed support to Hungarian Uprising with the main excuse being that he believed that the United States lacked the requisite military resources to challenge the Soviet Union especially when it is in its sphere of influence. Additionally, due to his administrations fiscal conservatism the size of the armed forces was significantly reduced and subsequent development of the strategic doctrine of the massive retaliation (Brinkley 2011).

Argumentative Essay on Gay Marriage Essay Example for Free

Argumentative Essay on Gay Marriage Essay Marriage is the ceremonial binding of two people, male and female, into one couple. Historically, marriage has been the institution when a man and a woman join together with the promise of love, devotion, to always stay together, to be there for each other, to take care of one another and to start a family together. Biblically, marriage has been all the aspects above, but including honoring, loving and growing closer to God and raising their family in ways that the Lord would have them, by abiding to the Word of God. Now days the traditional view of marriage is being changed by gay and lesbian couples demanding the same right to love, honor and cherish each other. This argumentative essay on gay marriage will explore both sides on the debate of gay and lesbian marriages. Historically, marriage was seen as a religious and civil union that brought together a man and woman for the purpose of joining family and to live the rest of their lives together. Biblical marriage was seen with the same purposes but including God in their marriage and to honor and obey the laws of marriage in His Word. Love may have been a big part of choosing a mate, or asking the person to marry you, but not the only factor. For Christians, we would not choose a mate; neither friends, nor family nor parents, but the Lord would choose â€Å"the one† for us. If you choose a mate, you would choose one that you could live with the rest of your life, who could put up with you and your shenanigans and vice-versa, who may have a lot in common or may not and so forth. Over time society has came to believe that love is the only reason to marry. No longer is marriage a union that is based on the future together forever and for starting a family, but just for enjoyment and emotional satisfaction. If it were to go wrong, or you just stopped loving that person, you could always back out and find another person to love. With these shifts in why to marry, what we have come to expect from marriage has also changed. Modern American society has changed its view of marriage. Society sees marriage as an institution whose purpose is to provide emotional satisfaction to the person concerned, and whose terms are negotia ble and revocable. Marriage, traditionally limited to unions between men and woman, in its modern state is slowly beginning to include the idea of same sex  couples. When love becomes the primary driving force to marry not the need to set up your own family then marriage can be open to any forms of partnerships. God institutes marriage in the Bible in Genesis chapter 2 verse 18, â€Å"And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone.† The Word of God states that a man and woman be married in verse 24 of chapter 2, â€Å"Therefore shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.† Not a man and another man or a woman and another woman, but one man and one woman would leave their families to start a new one together, by marriage. God didn’t create Adam and Steve, but Adam and Eve! The book of Leviticus gives God’s rules to us for everyone, everywhere for all time, here on earth. Leviticus 18:22 â€Å"Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination.† Leviticus 20:13 â€Å"If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: â€Å" God commanded that homosexuality is wrong, gay and lesbian marriage alike. It is an abomination is His sight. Romans 1:26b â€Å"for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature:† Romans 1:27 â€Å"And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men†. It is not natural for man to like another man and want to be with him. It is the same with woman! As stated in the above paragraph, God created woman to be a help meet for men. Adam was lonely in the garden, so God created a woman from him! He didn’t create another man to be with Adam, but a woman. If homosexuality is an abomination unto the Lord, then certainly gay marriage is wrong in G od’s eyes too! Marriage, between a man and a woman, husband and wife, is to be enjoyable, pleasurable, romantic, long-lasting and holy in God’s sight! God made men and women to live with, walk with, speak with, love, to be together and enjoy life together, not the other way. I believe in the way I was reared and taught, I believe in God’s holy, infallible, inspired and preserved Word, I believe in Biblical marriage – do you?

Marketing Essay -- Business Management Studies

Marketing Marketing is about understanding the customer needs and making sure that the products fit the customer’s needs as well as finding ways to influence the customer’s behaviour. Aims and objectives An aim is a statement of purpose that outlines what the business wants to achieve, it is a general goal e.g. to gain profit. An objective is a statement of how the business will achieve their aims it contains specific numbers and dates, they are SMART. For example achieve 4% profit by the end of 2006 Businesses need to have aims and objectives in order to have a direction to follow and gain the best they can out of their business. Objectives of a business need to be SMART, this means: * Specific†¦They need to relate to the issues and the market in which the organisation is involved is involved. * Measurable†¦ They need to see if they have been successful in achieving the objectives * Achievable†¦They must be realistic for the business to be able to achieve, where they’re not too difficult so there’s a lot of pressure on the business and not too easy. * Realistic†¦ The objectives must relate to the business and its activities and must not be too far-fetched. * Timely†¦ they must plan how and when they need to be achieved. The marketing aims and objectives are a part of the marketing plan. The marketing objectives and are also SMART and like all the other departments within the business they need to build towards the aims and objectives of the business as a whole. Marketing objectives must involve understanding the needs of the customers; they also need to stay ahead of their competition. The market research the department carries out helps to determine what their objectives ar... ...blend of the marketing mix will persuade a customer to buy the product and stay loyal to the business. It is also important that the business has a specific blend just for them because of their aims and objectives as a business, for example a supermarket needs to keep a different blend to a fast food chain as their targeted customers have different needs. Overall the marketing in a business plays a very important role in how successful a product and therefore a business will be, as a good marketing strategy will attract more customers and gain more profit for the business. The marketing department mainly relies on help from other departments and the marketing mix (it is important to have the right blend). If the business uses the right strategies to fit the product/service they provide then they will be successful in achieving their aims and objectives.

Events During the Cold War Essay

The Cold War was a very terrible war that started in 1945 between the United States and the Soviet Union and lasted 45 years. The Cold War got its name because both sides were too afraid to fight each other directly. They used words against each other to make the enemy look dumb and foolish. They fought through many other wars, too afraid of nuclear attacks directly hitting them. These wars caused great devastation across the globe. This war had started because the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism across the world, but America being a democracy, did not want that. The first ten years were somewhat interesting. On February 4 1945, there was a Yalta Conference, a wartime meeting between the heads of government from the United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union, and the Cold War began. Right after that, Germany surrendered to the Red Army in Berlin. On August 6, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and killed 80,000 people. Then three days after, the United States dropped another bomb on Nagasaki that killed 70,000. Shortly after that, the Japanese surrendered and that was the end of World War II. Winston Churchill had issued warnings about the Soviets in 1946 and first used the term â€Å"iron curtain†. This term was used to describe how the Soviets had wanted power. 1946 was also the year Josef Stalin made a very hostile speech, claiming communism and capitalism couldn’t live in peace. In June of 1947, the Marshall Plan was announced. This plan set a precedent for helping countries combat poverty, disease and malnutrition. That same year, the Rio Pact was established. This was a security zone around the hemisphere with the 19 Latin American countries. Between June 1948 and September 1949, Britain and America were struggling to keep West Berlin supplied through aircraft, since the Soviet government closed all ground traffic. That year, they made 277,000 flights to carry products. In March of 1948, Truman started a Loyalty Program which was made to catch Cold War spies. Then, in that same year the Brussels Pact was made to protect Europe from communism. In 1949, China became a communist country because Mao Zedong took over. He then established the People’s  Republic of China. In June of 1950, the Korean War started and Stalin supported North Korea and gave them Soviet weapons to invade South Korea. The war in Korea ended two years later, though. In 1951 the Federal Defense Administration was established which was a program that spread information about communism and the threat of attacks. March 1954 was when KGB (Committee for State Security) was established. KGB was the national security of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. In May of 1955 the Warsaw Pact was established. This pact was a mutual defense treaty between the eight communist states of Eastern Europe during the Cold War. During these ten years, there were a few treaties and some different experimental things done, also some different groups were made just for this one huge war. The next 10 years (1956-65) didn’t have as many exciting things happen. In 1956, there was a rebellion in Communist Hungary. Then after that in 1957, Sputnik was launched into space and Laika died in space. In 1958, Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War, made the Soviet troops withdrawal from Berlin. Khrushchev then visited the United States in 1959 which caused the Kitchen Debate. This was a debate between Nixon and Khrushchev at the opening of the American National Exhibition. In 1960, the Soviets revealed that there had been a United States plane shot down over Soviet territory. This year was also the year John F. Kennedy was elected president of the United States. Cuba aligns itself with the Soviet Union and their policies that same year. The Bay of Pigs invasion happened in 1961, this invasion was by CIA trained exiles of Cuba into southern Cuba to try to overthrow the government, but it was unsuccessful. In 1962 the United States becomes more involved in the Vietnam War to keep communist takeover of South Vietnam as a strategy of containment. That was the same year of the Cuban missile crisis between the Soviet Union and Cuba and the United States, it lasted thirteen days. November of 1963 was a sad month because President Kennedy was assassinated, probably because of a conspiracy. The Gulf of Tonkin incident was in 1964 which was a confrontation between North Vietnam and the United States. In 1965 some United States marines were sent to the Dominican Republic to fight Communism. These 10 years were not very exciting but there were a few important events that changed the United States. From 1966 to 1975, not much happened. It was kind of a dull period compared to the last twenty years. In 1967 the United Stated Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara admitted that the United States bombing raids had failed to meet their objectives. Richard Nixon was elected for president and North Korea captured U.S.S. Pueblo the year after. The USS Pueblo was a United States spy ship and it is still currently being held captive by Korea, though it is a museum now. Then, in 1969 Apollo 11 landed on the moon which had Neil Armstrong in it. He was the first person to step on the moon and it was a great accomplishment in US history. In 1970 Nixon spread the Vietnam War to Cambodia. The Pentagon papers were signed the year after in 1971. These papers were a United States history of its involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1972 not only did Nixon visit China, but SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talk) was signed; this was between the two Cold War superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union on the issue of armament control. The United States supported coup overthrew the Chilean government in 1973. The year after that, Nixon resigned but since then he has been the only president to ever resign. In 1975 North Vietnam defeated South Vietnam who then fell into communism. I do not know why these ten years were so boring, but they were even though they ended in another country falling into communism. The next ten years from 1976 to 1985 were even duller than the ones before. It started off with the Soviet Union and Cuba forcing Angola to become a communist state. In 1979, SALT II was signed. This time it was just an experimental negotiation about curtailing the manufacturing of nuclear weapons. The same year SALT II was signed, the Soviet forces invaded Afghanistan and the United States and China established diplomatic relations. In 1980, Polish shipyard workers started a strike and the Solidarity Union was formed, which was the first non-communist trade union in Warsaw Pact territory, and the strike leader, Lech Walesa, was elected as the head of the Solidarity Union. Three years later, President Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative. That initiative was created to protect the United States from nuclear missile attacks. In that same year, United States troops invaded and overthrew the regime in Grenada and ended  in a victory. Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union and initiated a campaign of increased openness and transparency in government institutions called â€Å"glasnost† and a political movement within the Soviet Union called â€Å"perestroika† in 1985. As you can see, not much happened during these ten years but there were still some interesting things that happened. The last five years were when quite a few countries became independent after so long. In 1986 President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev resolve to remove all intermediate nuclear missiles from Europe. Then in the year after that, Reagan and Gorbachev agree to remove all medium and short-range nuclear missiles. This meant that the war was coming to a close and things were becoming less violent. The Soviet groups with drawled from Afghanistan in 1989. Poland and Hungary both become independent and communist governments fall in Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Rumania, the Soviet empire declined in this year as well. Russia got a new president; Boris Yeltsin, in 1990 also. Another country became independent a year later, Lithuania. Germany also became reunited during this year. In 1991, the Warsaw Pact ended which meant the Cold War was over and the Soviet Union was done for, the end of it all. The Cold War was something terrible that happened between the United States and the Soviet Union for a stupid reason. It caused a lot of problems and different wars throughout the world just because they were too afraid to fight face to face but, it did not cause a huge amount of deaths. The Cold War was not really the kind of war that killed people; it was more of a war on which country could develop faster. This war could have been easily prevented but I guess some things just have to happen. A 45 year war for only one thing. Power. Works Cited â€Å"Cold War.† enotes. n.d. Web. 20 May, 2012. â€Å"Cold War Timeline.† History Timelines. n.d. Web. 20 May, 2012. Pillai, Prabhakar â€Å"Causes and Effects of the Cold War.† Buzzle. n.d. 21 May, 2012. â€Å"Timeline of the Cold War.† Think Quest. n.d. Web. 20 May 2012. Wikipedia.org.

Feminism in South Park

Introduction South Park has been around for a while now. Since it was aired for the first time on 13th August 1997, the show has constantly pushed the boundaries taking on everything, leaving out nothing. The reception among the wider population and the media had a wide range from â€Å"shocking† to â€Å"excellent†. One of the aspects of this success story is that, because of its provocative tone the show has managed to stay in the limelight.Public debate was evolving around certain episodes, bringing more and more attention to the show. As it was constantly picking up contemporary themes, topics or events, expectations were growing and â€Å"‘How will South Park deal with x' has become a common catch phrase† Oohnson-Woods 257). Another reason why South Park is so appealing is its humour which is absolutely unrestricted and irreverent Oohnson-Woods 257). Seemingly, the creators of the show do not set any boundaries for themselves, taking on everything and everybody.Even public fgures and celebrities are not spared. The viewer witnesses events like Barbara Streisand mutating into a giant, destructive monster, Martha Stewart taking a turkey up her ectum, or Ben Affleck having a sexual affair with a nine-year old boy. People apparently enjoy the stylistic, humorous and critical social approach of the show, making it the most successful satire so far. Being full of toilet humour and foul language, South Park is pushing â€Å"the boundaries of good taste. Few shows have dared to go where South Park goes† Oohnson-Woods 244). It is also full of introspect and unbiased social commentary' (Khodasevich 2) and is characterized by its libertarian attitude, which is granting freedom to everyone and especially to itself. As it is a satirical approach to social conventions. South Park tries to make a point on various discourses within our society by â€Å"filtering these problems through children† Oohnson-Woods 163, 164). These childr en are a group of elementary school boys, namely Stan Marsh, the normal kid, Kyle Broflovski, a Jew, Eric Cartman, the fat and selfish kid and Kenny McCormick, who is the timid kid dying in every episode without further recognition.There's also several other characters that get developed throughout the seasons. However, it is interesting to point out that it is mostly male characters that grow. Female characters in the show are prevalently portrayed â€Å"as he boys mothers, classmates, and authority fgures†, and do â€Å"rarely develop past a specific role† (Khodasevich 2). This very fact, among others, â€Å"raises many red flags† among feminists (Miller 177). Furthermore feminist criticism is extended to the vulgar language and the derogatory words that are used in labelling females.Also the prevalent sexual inequality between men and women, namely the sexual objectification that is supposedly depicted makes the show a target for feminist criticism. So seemin gly, feminists rarely do belong to the wide fan-base of the show. However, the show is actually, despite the hateful, vulgar, and derogatory language which is often misinterpreted and misunderstood and therefore labeled misogynist, incorporating feminist standpoints and theories like the objectification of women, patriarchal views and stereotypical gender roles, and strongly supporting them.As sometimes† (177). 2. South Park and Feminism â€Å"South Park is a show that can either be considered as â€Å"cruelly funny and hysterically satirical [†¦ that] took animation one step backwards and five steps forward intellectually,† or as â€Å"degrading toilet humour, depending on your point of iew' Oohnson-Woods X'). This description by Johnson-Woods is perfectly serving as a transition to the main part of this paper. Is it â€Å"intellectually' challenging or is it simply â€Å"degrading† nonsense that feminists and feminist critics can not endorse? . 1 Use of Language Many feminist critics are focused on the derogatory and vulgar language in South Park. The choice of words is, for the most part of the series, bound to swearing and oaths which are mainly used by the male charactersl . Words like â€Å"bitch†, â€Å"whore† â€Å"chicks† or â€Å"cunt† are seen as generalizing terms for women, used to degrade their tatus within in the series and thereof for women in real life. This assumption might be conceivable, as most women in the TV-show are far from using comparable phrases to describe men.There are simply less words which would have the same descriptive and generalizing effect as the above-mentioned terms used for women. However, women in South Park are not expelled from using derogatory and vulgar language. Robin Lakoffwrote in his book Language and Woman's Place that little girls should not use rough language like boys because this would not enhance their status and prestige among men within the patriar chal system. In fact it would expose females to ridicule and ostracising (5).Within this scope South Park makes a feminist stand in â€Å"Tom's Rhinoplasty' (episode 11 of the first season). When Wendy Testaburger is, driven by Jealousy to the new class teacher Ms Ellen approaching her after class to have a word with her, she Just explodes with furious swearing and threatening. Wendy: Miss Ellen, can I talk to you Ms. Ellen: Of course Wendy. Wendy: I couldn't help but notice that you taking a liking in my boyfriend Stan Ms. Ellen: Well IVe taken a liking in all of you. You're all so young and cute and full of life.

Bubonic Plague Essays - Plague, Bubonic Plague, Yersinia Pestis

Bubonic Plague Essays - Plague, Bubonic Plague, Yersinia Pestis Bubonic Plague The Bubonic Plague has killed more people than any other plague. During the 1300s, the Black Death, as they called it, killed nearly half the population of Europe. They called it the Black Death because of the dark color the peoples faces would turn after they died. It is caused by rod-shaped bacteria, Yersinia Pestis. The Bubonic Plague is an acute and severe infection. It is carried by the fleas on infected rodents(rat, squirrel). If the rodent or flea bites a person then it can be passed from person to person from mucus droplets spread by coughing. When infected, the person becomes ill in a few hours to a few days. The bacteria spread throughout the body. The symptoms include swollen lymph nodes(buboes), damaged capillaries signified by bleeding under the skin and black splotches, high fever, aching limbs, vomiting blood, shivering and extreme pain, and swelling continues in lymph nodes on groins, armpits, and neck until they burst shortly before death. Other forms of the plague are pneumonic, which causes severe pneumonia and septicemia. All forms of the plague are extremely dangerous and contagious. (2) The plague has been known for at least three-thousand years. Epidemics have been recorded in China since 224bc. The disease occurred in huge pandemics that destroyed the entire populations of cities throughout the Middle Ages; they have occurred sporadically since that time. The last great pandemic began in China in 1894 and spread to Africa, the Pacific islands, Australia, and the Americas, reaching San Francisco in 1900. Plague still occurs in Asia, Africa, South America, and Australia, but rarely appears in the U.S. Two small, well-contained outbreaks occurred in India in 1994. In 1950 the World Health Organization initiated sanitation programs for plague control throughout the world. (1) Many preventive measures, such as sanitation, killing of rats, and prevention of the transport of rats in ships arriving from ports in which the disease is endemic, are effective in reducing the incidence of plague. Famine, which reduces resistance to the disease, results in spread of plague. Individuals who have contracted the disease are isolated, put to bed, and fed fluids and easily digestible foods. Sedatives are used to reduce pain and to quiet delirium. During World War II, scientists using sulfa drugs were able to produce cures of plague; subsequently, streptomycin and tetracycline were found to be more effective in controlling the disease. (3)

Report to the Management of Wilson, Tan Associates The WritePass Journal

Report to the Management of Wilson, Tan Associates Introduction Report to the Management of Wilson, Tan Associates ]. Myers, S. C. Brealey, R. A. (2002). Principles of Corporate Finance. 7th Edition McGraw-Hill. Penman, S. (2007) Financial Statements Analysis and Securities Valuation.3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill. Robinson, T. R., Greuning, J. H., Henry, E., Broihahn, M. A. (2009), â€Å"Financial Analysis Techniques† in Financial Reporting and Analysis, CFA Program Curriculum, vol. 3, Pearson Custom Publishing.

Five Ways to Write Faster

Five Ways to Write Faster Five Ways to Write Faster Five Ways to Write Faster By Ali Hale Whether you need to clear a backlog of emails, write an important document at work, finish a short story, or do your homework, spending hours staring at a blank screen and struggling to come up with words won’t help. If you know you could get twice as much done if only you could write faster, try some of the following methods. Don’t worry about the quality of your first draft Whether you’re writing fiction or non-fiction, many experts recommend just getting the first draft done before starting to edit. That means keeping the momentum going as you write, rather than going back to change words or delete sentences. If you’re a perfectionist and write slowly because you worry about getting every little detail right the first time round, giving yourself the freedom to produce a â€Å"rubbish first draft† can triple your writing speed. Once you’re done, go back and edit: often, you’ll be surprised that your first draft really isn’t too bad! In his book Do It Tomorrow (which I strongly recommend for anyone who struggles to manage their time and attention), Mark Forster recommends writing a series of quick drafts: When I first learnt the techniqute of writing in a series of rapid drafts, my first draft would usually consist of nothing more than a few words jotted down. My second draft would add a bit more and I would go on revising it until I had it in the form I wanted. There are two great advantages to doing it this way. First of all it gets rid of the perfectionist feeling that it has to be got right first time. If I think a sentence is a bit clumsy, what does it matter? There’ll be another draft along in a moment. The second advantage is that engaging with the material in this way allows new thoughts and insights to appear. Outline the piece before starting With bigger projects, it’s easy to get stuck because you’ve come to a standstill or gone off on a tangent. Jot down some notes before you begin: that might be subheadings for a blog post or article, paragraphs for an essay, or plot points for a short story. Type these onto your computer screen – you’ll no longer be staring at a blank document, and seeing the next subheading or paragraph point ahead will help keep you on track. Set a timer for ten minutes and write non-stop until it goes off Have you noticed how much faster you write when you need to finish something before a set time (perhaps lunch, or an essay deadline)? It’s amazing how much your brain can focus when you’ve only got a few minutes. Mark Forster calls this the â€Å"end effect† – speeding up at the end of a piece of work – and recommends using a timer to produce it consistently. Challenge yourself to see how much you can produce in ten minutes. Do your research and preparation separately from the writing Something that can really slow things down is stopping to look up a fact, find a quote, or check a figure. When you write the outline for your piece (see #2), you should have a good idea of what references you’ll need to make. Look these up before you start writing, and have them all to hand. Alternatively, if the process of writing sparks off ideas of websites, books or people you want to refer to, don’t stop to find them part-way through writing the piece. Leave a note in the text to remind yourself of what you want to include; you might want to highlight this in some way so you don’t forget to go back and put it in! For example, in the first draft of this article, I wrote [Quote from Mark Forster on drafting process] and looked it up when I revised the first draft. The same applies if you’re unsure of how to spell a word, or if you can’t quite think of the right phrase: highlight it in some way, and come back to it once the first draft is complete. Turn off distractions (instant messenger, Twitter, email.) If you’re constantly interrupted by friends wanting to chat on instant messenger, by incoming emails, by new posts coming through to your RSS reader – turn everything off. I can write at least twice as fast – and often even faster – without any distractions. You might think it only takes a few seconds to read each message, but every time you turn your attention away from what you’re writing, you lose momentum. I’m great at procrastinating when I should be writing and so I write most of my blog posts first thing in the morning, before I even connect my computer to the internet. This also helps with #4 – I’m not tempted to stop and search for some missing piece of information on Google every few minutes. Have you got any great tips on speeding up your writing? Can you dash off an essay in an hour, or race through your inbox with ease? Let us know what tips and tricks you’ve discovered – or, alternatively, if you’re a slow writer, tell us where you think you’re going wrong! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowWhenever vs. When EverHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?