Developmental Profile †Cognitive Free Essays

The study hall is the setting with which a kid figures out how to utilize his/her intellectual capacities for more noteworthy comprehension and authority of instructive aptitudes like perusing, critical thinking, basic reasoning and speculation testing. Piaget’s hypothesis of intellectual improvement shows that every individual experiences psychological achievements which must be accomplished by a kid before he/she can go into the following stage. Each stage is made out of psychological abilities that have to do with the subjective handling of data (Atherton, 2005). We will compose a custom exposition test on Formative Profile †Cognitive or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now For instance, in the beginning times a kid first realizes that he/she is discrete from others. Next, he/she can utilize language and can recognize objects and what they speak to. The young kid typically can think coherently; utilizes number, mass and weight preservation and order questions as far as different attributes. The last stage is the point at which the youngster can think uniquely and test speculation just as be worried about ideological reasoning and issues (Atherton, 2005). The study hall offers various exercises that advance the learning of this subjective ledges, just as conveying data and information in manners that are intellectually suitable for their age. This formative profile report shows how the educator underpins the subjective improvement of her understudies through the instructional methodologies he/she utilizes in the study hall. Ms. Lisa is a fourth grade instructor, she is very much aware that youngsters are still in the solid stage and that they are increasingly ready to comprehend the exercises on the off chance that it is introduced utilizing solid models and models that the kids could contact and feel or watch. For today’s exercise, Miss Lisa is presenting the idea of orders; she has Amber, Stacy and Luis to help her in the exercise introduction. Ms. Lisa presents the 3 youngsters with shaded balls and in various shapes, She firsts requests that Amber portray what she sees and afterward to mastermind the balls in size. Golden appears to grin since she realizes that her errand is exceptionally straightforward, she first places the golf ball in the line, trailed by the baseball, at that point the volleyball and the b-ball. Ms. Lisa check Amber’s work and is fulfilled, she at that point asks the class for what valid reason the balls are accurately arranged. Presently Ms. Lisa advises Stacy to organize the balls by shading, Stacy applauds joyfully as she continues to mastermind the balls with the golf, baseball and volleyball on one side and the b-ball on the opposite side. Stacy looks for the endorsement of her instructor as she asks whether her answer is right. Ms. Lisa reveals to her it is right and she grins significantly more. At long last, Ms. Lisa advises Luis to organize the balls fit as a fiddle. The class fell quiet and Luis scratched his head and made curious looks to his instructor. He moved toward the balls not so much certain about what to do since all the balls appeared to be identical. At that point Ms. Lisa urged him to proceed to evaluate his answer so he would know whether it was correct or not. In a moment, Luis eyes lit up and got rounder, he at that point went to the balls progressively certain and afterward proceeded to lump the balls in a single heap. He grinned and said â€Å"that’s it, they are all round, and they are balls†. Ms. Lisa grins and tells the class that Luis is correct. The procedure that Ms. Lisa used to exhibit arrangement of various attributes utilizing similar articles indicated that the youngsters have accomplished the capacity to characterize objects, in the process the educator have added to the confidence and certainty of the understudy in working with her group show. Golden unquestionably realizes she has the correct answer and Ms. Lisa didn't need to support her, then again Stacy was uncertain however attempted her best, and Ms. Lisa insisted her answer. Ms. Lisa anyway invested more energy with Luis since he experienced issues with the assignment, yet in a snapshot of canny reasoning, he had the option to offer the right response. Reference Atherton, J. (2005).â Learning and Teaching:â Piaget’s formative hypothesis. Recovered November 12, 2007, from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm  Step by step instructions to refer to Developmental Profile †Cognitive, Papers

Details, Dilemma and Decision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subtleties, Dilemma and Decision - Assignment Example In the event that she does consent to be a piece of the preliminary stage, would there be an assurance that this won't trigger her sickness that may make her life be abbreviated significantly more? Or on the other hand could there be an expectation that in the process something may be found in the end that she may likewise profit by it all things considered? Concerning Dr. Blake, the offer that he made to Mrs. Wilkins may challenge the rule of non-evil. It can risk his vocation and validity as an expert and his relationship with his patients. As a specialist, he may impact the choice that Mrs. Wilkins will take however it won't be what the patient would truly need. Individuals in the clinical field do observe non-wrathfulness rule which implies not to do hurt and is viewed as an abrogating standard to everybody who attempts the consideration of the patient. (Butts and Rich, 2005, p.13) With this at the top of the priority list, it is simply proper for Mrs. Wilkins to turn into a piece of the preliminary stage that Dr. Blake is offering her. As a specialist, Dr. Blake has considered his patient’s clinical history and would not chance the wellbeing of Mrs. Wilkins just to get realities and information for a specific undertaking. Mrs. Wilkins, being critically ill, may not think about her own self. The facts may prove that Mrs. Wilkins won't advantage from the medication by any stretch of the imagination. That is only the beginning of the examination, there could even now be a little expectation or probability that the patient may profit by it. In the event that the examination will be finished, it isn't only to assist one however perhaps t o assist a ton of patients that will be taking it in the long run. The choice of one ought not simply be based to benefit one. However it ought to be to benefit many. Over the long haul, as individuals begin utilizing the medication, the clients will be appreciative to those individuals who tried the medication first, this incorporates Mrs. Wilkins. The existence that she may have right presently will undoubtedly end at any stage, anyway with her activities and her choice to

Get More Help in Writing Persuasive Essay Topics

Get More Help in Writing Persuasive Essay TopicsEnglish 10 persuasive essay topics are for those students who need extra help in writing a persuasive essay. Your English 10 persuasive essay topics could include research, job market and the student's view of the world.The first two persuasive essay topics is to have an essay on research for a research paper or for any research on a particular topic. For this to work, you need to write a convincing essay with great results which could give the best results. English 10 persuasive essay topics include how to write a research paper, why students cannot write a research paper, how to make research papers successful and how to select the appropriate research paper topic.The next two persuasive essay topics are to be found about a career option. They also include how to write a career writing essay, which could use the most effective tips. English 10 persuasive essay topics could include topics like how to write a career essay, why writing a career essay is difficult and the whole issue of writing a career essay. Another tip for writing a career essay is to keep it realistic.The third persuasive essay topics can be researched with job market research. You need to know how to write a persuasive essay on the job market and the best techniques in writing persuasive essays. There are a lot of benefits with it that are related to academic achievements.The fourth persuasive essay topics is how to use the Internet in writing a persuasive essay. English 10 persuasive essay topics can include a persuasive essay on the Internet. The Internet has made it possible for a lot of people to get better jobs, be part of the World Wide Web, travel, access high-class schools, etc. This might make it possible for English 10 persuasive essay topics to include online marketing, blogging, video marketing, multimedia marketing, etc.Another persuasive essay topics could be to write a persuasive essay on religion. English 10 persuasive essay top ics can include topics about Mormonism, Scientology, Satanism, etc. The first part of your persuasive essay can include literature, the Internet, social networking, TV shows, movies, etc.It is possible for you to learn these persuasive essay topics with professional writers. In fact, there are thousands of writers in the Internet who will help you out with this. All you need to do is choose the best ones. This could be the best way to learn English 10 persuasive essay topics.

Poverty in Australia Essay - 1465 Words

Poverty in Australia Before discussing the extent of poverty in Australia, it is first crucial to mention the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute Poverty is a situation where deprivation is extreme because people do not have access to the basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter. In contrast Relative Poverty is a situation in which the incidence of poverty is measured relative to things such as average weekly earnings or income per head. Therefore poverty, as talked about in Australia is the state where income is insufficient to meet the minimum needs of the household or individual. The Poverty Line is the level of income below which the income of the household or individual is†¦show more content†¦Whilst these percentages had changed significantly it was also found that the types of people who were living under the poverty line were still the same. In this report it was found that 75 percent of those living below the poverty line were not in the workforce, and that the aged made up 41 per cent of all Australians that were living in poverty. (Williams, Lawrey 2000) Therefore it is clear that although the poverty line had risen significantly from 1975 to 1987, there has not been an improvement in the percentage of Australians living under the poverty line, but instead this percentage has increased. Between 1975 and 1996, per person, GDP grew by almost 90%, taxes more than doubled, government transfers went up more than 160%, and average household income net of taxes grew by almost 50%. Income grew significantly. The proportion of national income directed via government grew far more significantly. Although there has been some problems with the economy during this period such as unemployment which has grown from 4 per cent to 8.5 percent, also the average duration of unemployment grew from 6 weeks to 52 weeks. Unemployment is seen as one of the possible reasons for the increase in poverty rates, despite the increase in welfare payments. Whilst it is likely that this startling increase in unemployment levels is partly responsible for the increase in poverty, it stillShow MoreRelatedEssay about Class and Poverty in Australia1838 Words   |  8 PagesClass is a key idea related to inequality, prejudice and discrimination in Australian society. It has been considered out of fashion, because some Australian people think that there is no class difference between people in Australia, everyone enjoys equality in society. In fact, the recent de-regulation of the workplace, and the widening gap in access to hospitals, schools and employment opportunities between the rich and poor, have made class more visible in Australian than ever before. 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Code of Ethics and Professional Dilemma A Reflection

Professional Dilemma Within any work environment there are should be a code of ethics that is set out so that conflicts can be avoided and people live or work together in unity. Therefore they should clearly be stipulated so that people can live and exist together in harmony. The code of ethics should be adhered to by each and every individual regardless of the status they have or post they hold in a particular area. This will ensure that no one offends another and everyone does what they are supposed o do without any form of conflict coming up. As a communications field contractor in Afghanistan for the US military there are various professional dilemmas and conflicting values that I go through since I work with the military personnel and yet am a civilian. This is especially from those who have posts within the military since they consider themselves on a higher level than others. This paper will therefore give a detailed description of my experience in Afghanistan in the communications field as contr actor for the military working alongside people in the military especially those with various ranks. I experienced an unethical act of disrespect from a particular Navy Lt. who was known as Lt.B. We had no formal relationship with this Lt. It was just a normal relationship of us both know each other exist and thats about it. We did not interact on any personal level just the fact that we used to work in the same area the difference being the descriptions of our workShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making Model Of Ethics And Its Foundations Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reviewing several ethical decision-making models, reviewing the code of ethics and its foundations, and examining personal beliefs and values surrounding ethics, I have come up with an ethical decision-making model. 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Gender Differences Scholastic Achievement -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Gender Differences Scholastic Achievement? Answer: Introduction In the recent scenario, the policies of human resource are changing and it is important for the companies to formulate proper policies so that the issues can be considered properly. In this report, the issue of gender inequality that is faced by female workers globally will be considered by analyzing the news article posted by the Australian Human Resource Ditectors (Hitton,2017). Gender inequality is a major problem that is faced by the female employees in the operations as they do not get equal wages for the equal work done by them in comparison to the male employees of the organization. There are many reports that have given evidence of the discrimination that is faced by the female employees in the organization. In Australia, the females employees face the problem of high gender pay gap just because they get low wages for the work done by them. This report will give emphasis on gender inequality problem faced by the women of the organization and also evaluate the discrimination faced by all the women. The report will also evaluate the role of strategic human resource management in considering the issue of gender inequality. There are many recommendations that will be elaborated in this report to consider this issue in a proper manner . Thesis statement The issue of Gender inequality is faced by female women globally that gives negative impact on them and also policies of human resource management can be implemented by the companies' so that this issue can be considered (Baird, Williamson and Heron, 2012). Gender inequality issue Female employees in the world face the problem of "gender pay gap" issue as they get less salary for the same work done by them as compared to the male employees. From the human resource department, it is seen that the female employees of an organization face problems as the companies do not provide proper assistance to the female employees who are on top position (Hirsch, Schank Schnabel, 2010). According to the directors of many companies, it is evaluated that there are many workers who are giving focus on proper improvement and awareness related to the issue of gender inequality. It is seen that there are many benefits still in Australia then also gender pay exists. The male employees of the organization learn more than the female who is doing the same work. The human resource department tries to implement the policies so that the issues can be considered as there are many female workers who are facing discrimination in the organization (Bleidorn, Arslan, Denissen, Rentfrow, Gebauer, Potter Gosling, 2016). It is also essential to take into consideration equal employment opportunity so that the discrimination cannot take place in the organization. Discrimination will be based on gender, age, race, and religion. It is also analyzed that in 2012 bill was passed by the government if Australia related to the equal opportunity for women. In this, it is stated that equal opportunities will be given to the female employees so that the company can easily retain the employees. It also helps to promote equal pay in the organizations. Diversity should be managed so that the discrimination cannot take place in an organization. Managing the diversity is the responsibility is of human resource department (Coates, 2015). Equal opportunities The equal opportunity for a female in the workplace agency is responsible to gather the information and implement the policies so that discrimination can be reduced against the Australian companies who are against female. It is also evaluated that the problem of gender inequality is present in many companies globally , though there are many initiatives that are taken by the governments to control the issue. In modern companies, the human resource department tries to implement the strategies related to a human resource so that the discrimination can be managed against the female employees. The executives of the human resource have failed to consider corrective steps so that the problems can be considered of the discrimination taking place in the companies. There are many strategic human resource policies that are important to implement so that the inequality related to female can be reduced in a proper manner (Card, Cardoso, Kline, 2015). Current Situation evaluation Earlier it is seen that women stay home and are involved in doing household activities and men go to work. But in the recent scenario, it is seen that the women have proved that they can do work as compared to men and also there are many women who have attained success. Women proved the capability of themselves that they can also do same activities that the men do. The gender inequality is the issue that is spread between the companies by taking into consideration corporate social responsibility. The government has taken many initiatives so that this issue can be raised in different organizations (Ingalhalikar, Smith, Parker, Satterthwaite, Elliott, Ruparel Verma, 2014). There are many companies who ensure that human resource department should implement the policies so that gender inequality can be reduced and equal pay is given to the women of the organizations. It is seen that human resource department does not promote the women employees at the top positions because they consider that they are not capable to conduct the activities of top management. There are many fewer females who have attained good position in the organization just because of the mindset of the people that women are not capable to conduct the activities (Broadbridge Simpson, 2011). There are many recent problems that are considered in the companies and also the issues are not considered. There are female women's who received a low salary as compared to the male employees who are doing the same job (Wilson Tagg, 2010). This states that there are many women's who face issue related to gender inequality. There are many organizations who have not considered the issue of gender inequality. The human resource executives analyze the situation of the organization so that proper human resource management policies can be implemented and the issue related to gender inequality can be addressed. It is important for the companies to minimize the issue related to pay and gender inequality (Voyer Voyer, 2014). Failure of human resource department Human resource department plays an important role to conduct the activities of the organization. The diversity related to the employees also helps to ensure that the discrimination o does not take place between the employees of the organization. There are many human resource managers who failed to consider the employee relation challenges that enhanced the issue of gender inequality (Lai, Lombardo, Auyeung, Chakrabarti Baron-Cohen, 2015). Just because of the lack of strategic human resource policies the female employees of the organization face various problems in the organization like unequal pay, a security issue in the organization and discrimination between male and female employees. These issues enhance the turnover of the employees in the organizations that give negative impact on the overall productivity and performance of the organization (Dezs Ross, 2012). The rate of employee turnover increases and it enhances the cost of recruitment of the organization that gives negative impact on the overall financial position of the company. There are many organizations like apple and google who consider the human resource management policies so that the gender inequality can be minimized and proper help is given to the employees to create a positive environment. Just because of gender discrimination there are many women employees who face the problem and create a negative environment that affect the performance of the employees who are conducting their day to day activities (Hilton, 2017). Human resource policies If proper human resource policies are not considered then it is evaluated that negative impact is given on the overall outcome of the organization. Women face issues like negative work environment and unsafe workplace (Meyers?Levy Loken, 2015). Human resource department hesitates to motivate the women and also it is seen that negative impact is seen at the time of promotion. Proper human resource policies are necessary as it helps the companies to achieve overall goals and objectives in an effective manner. Proper human resource policies are essential to be implemented in the companies so that female employee can be promoted to the top management. There are many female leaders like Ginni Rometty (IBM) and Safra Catz of Oracle have proved that female can also lead the company as the same way men do. Also, there are many organizations who try tries to implement the human resource policies so that the female can be promoted to the top management and gender inequality can be reduced. Human resource should be implemented in the organization as it helps to consider the issue of gender inequality and unequal pay (Strachan, 2010). Recommendations These are the recommendations that can help human resource department to consider the issues related to gender inequality and unequal pay given to the female employees. The recommendations are: Learning and development There should be proper learning and development programs so that human resource policies can be implemented for the development of female workers. The learning programs can help in enhancing the skills and abilities of the female workers so that human resource department can promote the female on senior managerial positions. Strategic human resource policies The human resource department should try to implement the strategic human resource policies so that the relations between the employees can be improved with the women who are working in the organization. Proper communication Human resource executives should try to promote the work of the female workers so that equal pay can be given to the employees of the organization. Proper communication channels should also be maintained so that human resource department can help them to evaluate the issues faced by women employees of the organization and can also minimize the gender inequality issue of the company (Ridgeway, 2011). Motivation and reward policies Motivation and reward policies should also be implemented so that the female employees can be encouraged to give their best towards the activities assigned to them. Human resource executives should consider the reward programs so that the female employees can also earn incentives and can be retained in the organization for a long time. It will help the female employees to reduce the gender inequality rate in the organization which will assist to enhance the profitability since the cost of the recruitment is less. Positive environment The positive environment should also be created in the organization so that the female workers can implement the human resource policies in a proper manner. Positive working environment means that the employees feel comfortable to conduct the activities of the organization and also establish workplace diversity in the company (Malach Pines, Lerner, Schwartz, 2010). Conclusion By analyzing the report it is concluded that the female employees of the organization face the problem of gender inequality and also unequal pay in every organization. It is important to control these issues as it helps to grow and promote women for top management. Just because of gender inequality the women face problems by considering the unsafe working environment, negative working environment and also discrimination in promoting the female workers on top management. Human resource department can easily implement the human resource policies like motivation and give rewards and incentives to the employees based on the overall performance of the workers that helps to minimize the issue of gender inequality. The companies should try to consider the issues of gender inequality and unequal pay so that the image of the company can be enhanced and the social responsibilities of the company can be considered for achieving the success of the company. Proper human resource strategies help companies to achieve overall strategies in an effective manner. References Baird, M., Williamson, S., Heron, A. (2012). Women, work and policy settings in Australia in 2011.Journal of Industrial Relations,54(3), 326-343. Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R. C., Denissen, J. J., Rentfrow, P. J., Gebauer, J. E., Potter, J., Gosling, S. D. (2016). Age and gender differences in self-esteemA cross-cultural window.Journal of personality and social psychology,111(3), 396. Broadbridge, A., Simpson, R. (2011). 25 years on: reflecting on the past and looking to the future in gender and management research.British Journal of Management,22(3), 470-483. Card, D., Cardoso, A. R., Kline, P. (2015). Bargaining, sorting, and the gender wage gap: Quantifying the impact of firms on the relative pay of women.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,131(2), 633-686. Coates, J. (2015).Women, men and language: A sociolinguistic accounting of gender differences in language. Routledge. Dezs, C. L., Ross, D. G. (2012). Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation.Strategic Management Journal,33(9), 1072-1089. Hilton, J. (2017). Is HR doing enough to address gender inequality?. Retrieved from https://www.hcamag.com/hr-business-review/leadership-development/is-hr-doing-enough-to-address-gender-inequality-244874.aspx Hirsch, B., Schank, T., Schnabel, C. (2010). Differences in labor supply to monopsonistic firms and the gender pay gap: An empirical analysis using linked employer-employee data from Germany.Journal of Labor Economics,28(2), 291-330. Ingalhalikar, M., Smith, A., Parker, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Elliott, M. A., Ruparel, K., ... Verma, R. (2014). Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(2), 823-828. Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., Baron-Cohen, S. (2015). Sex/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,54(1), 11-24. Malach Pines, A., Lerner, M., Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship: equality, diversity and inclusion in times of global crisis.Equality, diversity and inclusion: An International journal,29(2), 186-198. Meyers?Levy, J., Loken, B. (2015). Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead.Journal of Consumer Psychology,25(1), 129-149. Ridgeway, C. L. (2011).Framed by gender: How gender inequality persists in the modern world. England: Oxford University Press. Strachan, G. (2010). Still working for the man? Women's employment experiences in Australia since 1950.Australian Journal of Social Issues,45(1), 117-130. Voyer, D., Voyer, S. D. (2014). Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis. psychology bulletin,140(4), 1174. Wilson, F., Tagg, S. (2010). Social constructionism and personal constructivism: Getting the business owner's view on the role of sex and gender.International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship,2(1), 68-82

The importance of observations in education free essay sample

Observation is the best tool we have to understand how children are learning and developing around us. Other than in a classroom environment, we can sit in cafes or listen to conversations taking place on a train. However, this essay will recognize the importance of observations in an institutional early years setting. It will then go on to reflect upon values, ethics and professionalism as we use these different strategies for observation. This essay will also consider the suitability for certain types of observation in particular settings. Sharman, Cross and Vennis (2007) showed that observations are means of noting down a fact or gathering information for a purpose during an activity. Beaver et al (2007) showed that observations help us to understand the patterns of children’s development, as well as clearly identifying difficulties a child may have, so that we can cater to their individual needs as they may require specific support such as speech and language therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of observations in education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beaver et al (2007) explain how observations help the adult to understand the child as an individual as well as a chance to provide information about the child to the parents or any adults who have involvement with the child. Observations should be thought of as tools that help us meet the needs of children and help us learn more about our own provisional settings (Palaiologou, 2008). One of the main reasons why we observe children in the Early Years is to see if the children in our care are following the flow and the pattern of our particular setting as well as measuring the progress and achievements of children against the recognized milestones and national targets. Completing several observations regularly over a course of time will clearly display the progress of the child in each of the different areas of development. Palailogou (2008) cites The Statutory Framework for the EYFS (DCSF, 2008a, p. 16) asserts that Ongoing assessment is an integral part of the learning and development process. Providers must ensure that practitioners are observing children and responding appropriately to help them make progress from birth  towards the early learning goals. Assessments should be based on practitioners’ observations of what children are doing in their day to day activities. It is important to be as objective as possible as shown by Palaiologou (2008) that when taking out observations and keep an open mind to the information that is being recorded. It is vital that the observer has not â€Å"labeled† the child, whether it is positive or negative as this can affect the outcome of the observation altering the truth to what has been noted. Beaver et al (2007) explain observations should be taken out by more than one adult to see different viewpoints therefore enhancing objectivity and also enable the practitioners to compare and analyse their individual observation skills. Beaver et al (2007) explain that observations are taken to show the quality of education that has been received by the children, and for practitioners to develop their professional practice. It is essential that all observers are objective and recognise every child’s values and beliefs. Palaiologou (2008) states The Local Safeguarding Children Board Regulations (2006) were set up as part of the need to promote and protect children’s welfare including bullying, accidents, discrimination and providing children with access to all well-being services. In Early Years settings that follow strategic frameworks, observers need to consider this set of criteria before taking out an observation. The observations that take place are in the best interest of the child; The observations will help the education programme; The observations will help to understand the child’s development; The observations will inform practice and promote children’s learning; The safety and protection of the child is ensured. â€Å"Participant† and â€Å"Non-Participant† are two main observation techniques illustrated by Schmidt (2005) to be used by practitioners. Participant observation is well known and often practiced within Early Years settings. An observation can have a great impact on whether how much a practitioner engages with the child they are observing or not. For example, if the practitioner talks to a child whilst observing them as they are doing an  activity, they might make extra effort to please the adult in some way, which in turn affects the outcome of the observation. Schmidt (2005) also explains a participant observation is when the observer is directly involved in the activity in some way as they are recording the observation. This allows adults without special training to carry out an observation, however, this type of observation can be limiting as it can be difficult to include any detailed information, so may not give a clear picture of what truly happened at the t ime. Schmidt (2005) illustrates that Non-Participant observations require the adult to sit separately from the task and to act simply as an observer of the child or the activity rather than a trained professional as they are writing the observation. Palaiologou (2008) shows that not being involved with the child can make it easier for the observer to be as objective as possible and to write about what they are seeing happen as the child is working. A Narrative Observation is the most common observation technique used in Early Years settings. This is a record of events as soon as they occur. Usually the practitioner separates themselves from the activity or child and observes from a distance, being careful not to disrupt the activity. Each observation is brief and is written in the present tense. This is an excellent opportunity to record every detail noticed during the period of the observation including dialogues, movements and emotions. However, as the observer records there is room for bias to be influenced by the observers thought process, which may be interpreted in the wrong way (Palaiologou, 2008). A Checklist is a very useful type of observation as they are carefully planned and prepared before hand. Checklists can be used to observe a large group or just one child. Practitioners in Early Years Settings often use this technique as a starting point to plan new activities for individuals or groups of children. A number of different observers can use the same checklists to ensure all of the information is correct and consistent. However an important piece of detailed information can be missed out of the observation because it is not listed as one of the points to record. (Smidt, 2005) Diagramatic technique is a focus-based observation that can be carried out in many ways such as: Tracking; The use of sociograms; The use of histograms; The use of bar charts and pie charts. Tracking simply allows the adult to observe the amount of time a child spends on an activity, although it does not include an explanation as to why they chose it. Beaver et al (2007) explains this can be beneficial to Early Years practitioners as their schedules include time to free play during the school day. A Sociogram is a tool used to observe children’s social development. This reveals the child’s ability to socialize with other children and adults and monitor their popularity through the group. (Smidt, 2005) Histograms are taken over a long period of time to follow the areas of development and are similar to bar charts in that they allow you to focus on any area you choose. This would be useful to use if you were measuring behaviour in an Early Years Setting for example, as you would get a very clear profile at the end of the term. Bar Charts and Pie Charts can be useful techniques for collecting information about groups or individual children. The disadvantage is that this technique does not allow much room for specific facts. (Schmidt, 2005) The Time Sampling technique of observation helps to identify how and when a certain type of behaviour occurs. The advantage of this type of observation is that it helps you to remain objective, as you know what type of behaviour you are looking for. This also allows you to collect data on several children or on several behaviours at a time and the information is collected at certain decided intervals throughout a given period of time. However, because the information is collected at specific intervals of time, there are things that are not recorded. Event sampling also focuses on a specific behaviour than has been selected previously. This is used to study the conditions under which particular behaviours occur. As this technique looks at very specific behaviours, it can lack detail. Media Techniques allow an extremely detailed form of observation. Although this method cannot replace traditional methods of observation, this offers very accurate information, which is unbiased and objective and can be used in all age groups and in a variety of settings. (Sharman, Cross and Vennis, 2007) After the observation is completed the information needs to be collected, collated and then analysed before recorded as evidence. This can be very difficult as the practitioners need to look at the information considering all the facts whilst attempting to remain as objective as possible. From the findings of my research and from my own five years experience as an early years classroom teaching assistant in the British educational system, I feel that both subjective and objective strategies previously mentioned may hold equal significance depending of the physical setting of the observation and the period of time over which these observations have been completed.